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View Full Version : Schools, Planning, Corporations, etc.


Nebosuke
09-11-2006, 01:50 AM
I didn't want to hijack TDC's thread, so I figured I'd just continue here as a response to this post (http://www.outpostnine.com/forum/showthread.php?p=263070#post263070).

I posited the process encourages a punch ticket approach to activities.
In a way it does. However, regardless of your motivations for participating in any given activity, you have to be good at it for it to count. For your sports and activities, not only do they want to see breadth in variety, but also dedication and drive. Perhaps that drive is not for the particular activities in question, but if that drive causes you to excel in those activities anyway, then that is just as acceptable--indeed, that is the case with everyone whose goals and aspirations lie exclusively in the future beyond high school. They have long-term goals to accomplish, and realize that excelling in otherwise unrelated short-term activities is necessary to accomplish the intermediary steps towards those goals (one of the largest being acceptance to a good university). What they are really looking for here is the drive, ability, and discipline to plan for and work towards a long-term goal. They aren't looking for people whose goal is to get into their school. They're looking for people whose plan includes going to their school because they see it as a necessary stepping stone to their real objectives.

Longer term planning (3 and 5 year planning with annual budget processes) that does not generally take into account forced short term/ad hoc execution (quarter by quarter budget cuts). This line of discussion started me wondering, as a society, are we indoctrinating our nominally cream of the crop future leaders with the very attitudes that perpetuate these quantitative over qualitative/immediate results at all costs (even sacrificing a more significant future result) behaviors?

It depends. For instance, if you acquire a competitor (e.g., the way HP did with Compaq, or, more recently, the way my former employer, Pioneer Hi-Bred was acquired by DuPont), short-term profits at the expense of long-term viability is sometimes the 'best' strategy. I'll try to explain why this is the case.

If company A (e.g., HP) buys company B (e.g., Compaq), company A normally has to take on a load of debt. They now have to pay interest on the debt, pay off the principal, and still generate some positive cash flow. In order to do that, it is usually necessary to axe the long-term interests of the acquired company in order to maximize its immediate profitability. For many companies with a long product pipeline (e.g., 5 years research before a new product gets to market), this gives the acquiring company 5 years to work with before the product pipeline runs dry and the viability of the acquired company is destroyed. If they engineer the takeover correctly, they will have paid off the debt and made a sizeable profit at that point, and can sell off the remaining assets of the acquired company. In essence, the acquiring company is making a profit by selling off the long-term viability of the acquired company.

Could you still make money if you didn't take an axe to the acquired company? Yes, unless the cash flow of the acquired company is less than the interest on the principal of the loan. however, one of the principles of asset management is that you are 'losing' money if it is possible to have invested the same assets in a different way that would generate higher returns in a shorter period of time. Long-term investment in the acquired company is therefore only viable if it is the most attractive way to invest your assets.

So you can see, short-term management of this type is often deliberate, and not due to incompetence or short-sightedness. Large companies will sometimes 'eat' smaller, more profitable companies this way in order to finance their own operations. Stockholders will sometimes demand that similar actions be taken for much the same reasons. You can think of it as sort of like the corporate equivalent of slash-n-burn agriculture.

The perception that short-term management practices are 'bad' in any sense, moral or economic, is basically due to misunderstanding. The key point to remember here is that what is good for the business is not necessarily good for those who own the business. It's rather counterintuitive, but true nonetheless. Since those who own the business are the ones who call the shots, tough luck for the business itself.

Enron, WorldCom, etc., however, were not employing a short-term strategy. They were simply guilty of fraud, and were not successful by any metric. They only appeared to be successful for a while because they managed to successfully lie about their net value, cash flow, etc., for a time. No schools encourage Enron-esque behavior because Enron was basically just a pyramid scheme writ large, and that strategy is all but guaranteed to fail spectacularly, making no one any money at all.

The current situation with HP is not due to a business strategy so much as a frustrated individual making some bad decisions. Essentially, a board member was leaking information in order to try to swing shareholder opinions to favor his own positions, and Dunn blew her top and did some Really Stupid Shit(tm) to try to find and plug the leak. No school of business, much less the best, teaches aspiring CEOs the aim-at-foot-and-pull-trigger maneuver, but people will be people, especially when pissed off.

Fumi
09-11-2006, 05:28 AM
The HP-Compaq "merger" is probably one of the worst executed merger ever. It was just Carly's way of buying more time and Capalla's way of cashing out before they ran their respective company to the ground out of sheer incompetence. There was no stragetic value whatsoever: while Compaq has a successful cheap PC business and HP has a successful printer and ink business, their high-end products overlap and cannot be integrated.

So what they did was to integrate the low margin Compaq PC lines into HP, while axing (Alpha/Tru64) or starving (VMS/Nonstop) their highend products that take a lot of development money but bring in even more profits.

In the end the PC business gives them volume but no profit, while their highend customers migrated to their competitors en masse, and by losing their highend customers their service and consulting business also dies.

Your example affirms that "axing the long-term interests of the acquired company in order to maximize its immediate profitability" will lead to a quick death in the not-so-distant future, and while "short-term management of this type" is deliberate, it does not make it any less incompetent or short-sighted.

And the biggest problem with Corporate America is that when a company maintains a decent 5% growth, has its sheets balanced, keeps its jobs in the States and invests in R&D to maintain the competitiveness of its products, Wall Street punishes them.

erbiumfiber
09-11-2006, 08:19 AM
The HP-Compaq "merger" is probably one of the worst executed merger ever. It was just Carly's way of buying more time and Capalla's way of cashing out before they ran their respective company to the ground out of sheer incompetence.

Quoted for truth. Picking up used AT&T executives is never a good way to steer your company in the right direction. Having worked for AT&T I can honestly say it was a hellhole and a badly-run one at that.

My brother-in-law, after 24 years (mostly with Digital, acquired by Compaq) was laid off in the merger, so perhaps I am a little bitter. But, yeah, I was missing all the great "synergy" or whatever in that merger...

Nebosuke
09-11-2006, 08:39 AM
Perhaps what you say is true to some extent, but it is a picture perfect example of doing what is perhaps bad for the company but good for the owners of the company. Carly dismantled one of the finest institutions of advanced electronics engineering in the world, of that there is no doubt. However, HP is owned by the stockholders. HP stock is now worth twice what it was before the merger. Carly and the board of directors are appointed by the stockholders, and therefore their obligation is to the interests of the stockholders first and foremost.

To be honest, while the alpha was certainly a marvel of engineering, and VMS was one of the few OS's you could count on to have literally years of secure, unbroken uptime, they would have eventually been reamed on the high end by cheaper Opteron and Xeon clusters the way it's happening to Sun right now. This is the same reason that IBM shifted its emphasis away from hardware and into business services. Unfortunately for those of us who admire engineering perfection, the market is dictating that redundancy (a cluster of cheap, not-so-stable boxes) is sufficient to replace stability (big iron with years of uptime).

And the biggest problem with Corporate America is that when a company maintains a decent 5% growth, has its sheets balanced, keeps its jobs in the States and invests in R&D to maintain the competitiveness of its products, Wall Street punishes them.
That's true, because more aggressive investment can easily yield much greater than 5% annual returns, which barely outpaces the typical rate of inflation. Basic asset management dictates that you somehow leverage the company's assets in order to increase profitability in a situation like that. The only reason you wouldn't pull your investments in such a situation is if you have a personal interest in the long-term viability of the company. Publically traded companies, however, are not typically owned by such people, thus the frequent instances of clear conflicts of interest between the business and its owners.

Spaatz965
09-11-2006, 11:44 AM
I didn't want to hijack TDC's thread, so I figured I'd just continue here as a response to this post (http://www.outpostnine.com/forum/showthread.php?p=263070#post263070).
Thanks for that :) I regret that I don't have time this morning to respond more fully. We have the beginnings of an interesting discussion :)

In a way it does.... They're looking for people whose plan includes going to their school because they see it as a necessary stepping stone to their real objectives.

It appears you are accepting the hypothesis (the selection processes for competitive schools re-inforces "punch-ticket" attitudes/ideas/behaviors, where appearance is more important than actuality. That the process also re-inforces a machiavelian "by what ever means neccessary" mentality) and probing/testing the premis that these attitudes (ideas/behaviors/mentality/et al.) are intrinsically short sighted and distructive.

The Mergers & Acquisitions example as a positive result of these attitudes does not dispute nor negate the basic premise that these attitudes are distructive. I'm not even sure I'd relate this example to the attitudes originally discussed, though it may be interesting to explore as a side discussion.

Enron, WorldCom, etc., however, were not employing a short-term strategy. They were simply guilty of fraud, and were not successful by any metric. They only appeared to be successful for a while because they managed to successfully lie about their net value, cash flow, etc., for a time. No schools encourage Enron-esque behavior because Enron was basically just a pyramid scheme writ large, and that strategy is all but guaranteed to fail spectacularly, making no one any money at all.

The current situation with HP is not due to a business strategy so much as a frustrated individual making some bad decisions. Essentially, a board member was leaking information in order to try to swing shareholder opinions to favor his own positions, and Dunn blew her top and did some Really Stupid Shit(tm) to try to find and plug the leak. No school of business, much less the best, teaches aspiring CEOs the aim-at-foot-and-pull-trigger maneuver, but people will be people, especially when pissed off.

This cuts to the heart of where I'm probing. My hypothesis can be boiled down to, some (not all) of the seeds of these types of behaviors can be found being encouraged and re-inforced in the selection processes for admission into competitive, nominally the cream, schools. I'm not saying the schools teach it, or am I saying there is intent behind it. What I'm suggesting is the methods employed as part of the admissions process (which have broad implications much earlier than the actual application...years of planning and executing on that plan) effectively provides an early indoctrination in the attitudes that lead to this type of distructive behavior.

Nebosuke
09-11-2006, 04:39 PM
It appears you are accepting the hypothesis (the selection processes for competitive schools re-inforces "punch-ticket" attitudes/ideas/behaviors, where appearance is more important than actuality.
I'm not sure what you mean by "appearance is more important than actuality". Being able to excel in a broad array of activities simultaneously is intended to be a demonstration of adaptability, capability, discipline, and motivation. People who focus in a particular area are also accepted[1], but they must show extraordinary ability in that area.

As far as the "by whatever means necessary mentality", that is part of the point. While people sometimes have a knee-jerk reaction to this, questioning whether it is moral, such a reaction is normally due to assumptions about the goals of the person in question. At school, for instance, I met people whose goals were as varied as becoming one of the best in a particular field of medical research in order to find a cure for a specific disease, to the more reconizably machiavellian objective of retaining power and political stability in the PRC.

The Mergers & Acquisitions example as a positive result of these attitudes does not dispute nor negate the basic premise that these attitudes are distructive.
That depends on your point of view. From the point of view of the acquirer, such a strategy is constructive in that the influx of capital is usually leveraged for some other investement that it holds to be important. My previous employer Pioneer Hi-Bred, for example, seems to be getting gutted in order to fuel the long-term viability of DuPont.

Anyway, I'd like to explain more, but I have to head out to work.

[1] E.g., my friend who was a published physicist when still in HS. The crazy mofo was taking 4 physics classes per semester during his freshman year.